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The landscape is one of the most popular genres in contemporary photography. Skillfully using technical tools and taking into account natural factors, the photographer has the opportunity to give it a particular emotional coloring, which will give his own state of mind. But in order to accurately and expressively to convey the mood, it is necessary to remember about the features of shooting on location.
Any landscape removed under the open sky with artificial or natural lighting. One of the sources of natural light is the sun. Sunlight is continuously changing depending on the height of the sun above the horizon (time of day) and atmospheric conditions (weather), divided into directed (direct) and ambient atmosphere of the Secondary light source is the sky. He and the other light reflects of the surface of the object. In the early morning and early evening natural light contains much more red and orange rays than in the middle of the day. This phenomenon also depends on the time of year, atmospheric conditions, geographic latitude. With the sunrise gradually increases not only the intensity but also change its color temperature. There is a change in the spectrum, it is predominate blue, Indigo and violet rays. Therefore, increasing the color temperature of daylight. Depending on the height of the sun natural lighting is divided into periods of spectacular (low) morning and evening, normal, anti-aircraft and twilight lighting. With a striking horizontal light sun rays form long elongated shadows, well reveal the terrain, volume of items, plans. During the normal daylight solar radiation on horizontal and vertical surfaces distributed uniformly in the light and shadows of the spectral composition of the light changes slightly.
Watch close to noon, called the period of zenithal lighting. This time, sharp contrasts of light horizontal and vertical surfaces. Vertical surfaces in this case you get one and a half times less light than horizontal, resulting in chiaroscuro, in this period, sharply contrast, create an extremely deep sculpting of the shape of individual objects, conceal the details, distort the perspective. In dim lighting directional light is absent, the entire surface of the earth and objects illuminated diffused light of the sky. When photographing at dusk can be obtained the effect of night-time images.
Features of these periods of sunlight were considered assuming cloudless weather. We must not forget about air or atmospheric haze. Haze varying density changes and tonal drawing and aerial perspective and the gradation of tones, and pattern contours. For example, landscape, filmed in a haze, is soft and colorful tone combinations, whereas a landscape shot with clear air, has bright colors and the contrast of light and shadow. Haze is located between the light source (sun) and the object affect scattering and spectral composition of solar light, and haze is located between the camera and the subject on the brightness and chromaticity of the surfaces of the object. Direct light when the haze dissipated, but the total illumination of the lights is equated with the illumination in open shadows (from the sky), so the contrasts of light and shade softened. Such illumination is good for shooting portraits outdoors, as subtle gradations of light and shade allows you to highlight a soft plastic face. Objects, which construction consists of a rigid geometric shapes (e.g., architectural), in this weather to remove is not recommended, as black and white with no contrast are difficult to detect their geometric basis. Haze is good for shooting color film. The location and type of clouds also affect the results of the survey. For Cumulus clouds, due to reflection from clouds light increasing the light in the shadows, that benefit is good for color and black-and-white filming. In cloudy weather sometimes forms area lighting, It arises when a ray of light breaks through the clouds and illuminates only a small part of the surface. This lighting can be used to create striking images, for example in a dark tone.
When photographing on location for color film it is important to determine the spectral composition of the light source. It needs to be assessed separately for solar light, for the light of heaven and for the total light from the sun and sky. Total fluorescent white light (at the height of the sun more than 15°), which falls on the object in the light, is about 4800-5200 K. When shooting color film, you need to take into account the change of the spectral composition at sunrise, sunset and in cloudy weather. The range and intensity of the radiation also changes the relative location of the object — in the sun or in the shade.
Under a clear sky, when in the atmosphere scattered violet-blue and ultraviolet rays, the shade illuminated with blue light. If the sky in a haze, gray, light in the shade of white.
Cloudy, completely overcast with thick clouds, the sky gives a blue shade. With a low sun redness of the sunlight. On the surfaces illuminated by the sun, formed a number of light and shadow surfaces — a number of its own shadow and a drop shadow that covers the diffused light of the sky and reflected from surrounding surfaces. Surface of the light row is always illuminated by direct sunlight and diffused sky light. Thus, their light are formed as the combined light and brightness of these surfaces depends on the direction of light. Be sure to consider the lighting in the shadow range, as the horizontal surface and the shadow of the illuminated hemisphere of the sky, and vertical surfaces — about half of this hemisphere. Open shadows are formed when shooting in an open area where falling shadows of figures and objects lit from the entire hemisphere of the sky, so they will be brighter than the lighted quarter of the sphere. Semi-shade observed in the survey of all the buildings in a forest clearing, etc. In such cases the sky near the horizon is veiled, and his own shadow figures almost no coverage in the sky, and a flat surface covered it with anti-aircraft part. The contrast of brightness of light and shadow series increases significantly. Closed call of the shadows did not lit by the sky, for example in the niches, arches, doorways, etc. the lighting in the indoor shadows are very low. Therefore, the contrast of brightness of light and shadow series be sure to measure the exposure meter. |
